Hamlet Act 4 Scene 7
Another room in the castle.
The Original
Plain Modern English
Enter King Claudius and Laertes.
Claudius
Now must your conscience my acquaintance seal,
And you must put me in your heart for friend,
Sith you have heard, and with a knowing ear,
That he which hath your noble father slain
Pursued my life.
Claudius
Now your own conscience must confirm my innocence,
and you must count me a friend in your heart,
since you've heard, with an understanding ear,
that the man who killed your noble father
was trying to kill me.
Laertes
It well appears: but tell me
Why you proceeded not against these feats,
So crimeful and so capital in nature,
As by your safety, wisdom, all things else,
You mainly were stirr'd up.
Laertes
It certainly seems so. But tell me
why you didn't act against these crimes,
so criminal and so deserving of death,
when your own safety, your judgment, everything else
should have driven you to it.
Claudius
O, for two special reasons;
Which may to you, perhaps, seem much unsinew'd,
But yet to me they are strong. The queen his mother
Lives almost by his looks; and for myself—
My virtue or my plague, be it either which—
She's so conjunctive to my life and soul,
That, as the star moves not but in his sphere,
I could not but by her. The other motive,
Why to a public count I might not go,
Is the great love the general gender bear him;
Who, dipping all his faults in their affection,
Would, like the spring that turneth wood to stone,
Convert his gyves to graces; so that my arrows,
Too slightly timber'd for so loud a wind,
Would have reverted to my bow again,
And not where I had aim'd them.
Claudius
For two particular reasons,
which may seem feeble to you
but are strong to me. The Queen, his mother,
practically lives on the sight of him. And as for me —
call it my virtue or my curse, either one —
she's so bound up with my life and soul
that, just as a star can only move within its own orbit,
I can only move by her. The other reason
I couldn't bring him to a public trial
is the great love the common people have for him.
They dip all his faults in their affection
and, like the spring that turns wood to stone,
they'd turn his shackles into ornaments. So my arrows,
too lightly built for so strong a wind,
would have blown back onto my own bow
instead of hitting where I aimed.
Laertes
And so have I a noble father lost;
A sister driven into desperate terms,
Whose worth, if praises may go back again,
Stood challenger on mount of all the age
For her perfections: but my revenge will come.
Laertes
And so I've lost a noble father,
and a sister driven to desperate straits —
whose worth, if praise can look backward,
stood at the summit of the age,
challenging all comers. But my revenge will come.
Claudius
Break not your sleeps for that: you must not think
That we are made of stuff so flat and dull
That we can let our beard be shook with danger
And think it pastime. You shortly shall hear more:
I loved your father, and we love ourself;
And that, I hope, will teach you to imagine—
Claudius
Don't lose sleep over it. You mustn't think
I'm made of such flat, dull material
that I'd let danger tweak my beard
and call it a game. You'll hear more shortly.
I loved your father, and I love myself,
and that, I hope, will let you imagine—
Enter a Messenger with letters.
Claudius
How now! what news?
Claudius
Well? What news?
Messenger
Letters, my lord, from Hamlet:
This to your majesty; this to the queen.
Messenger
Letters, my lord, from Hamlet.
This one for Your Majesty, this one for the Queen.
Claudius
From Hamlet! who brought them?
Claudius
From Hamlet? Who brought them?
Messenger
Sailors, my lord, they say; I saw them not:
They were given me by Claudio; he received them
Of him that brought them.
Messenger
Sailors, my lord, they say. I didn't see them.
Claudio gave them to me. He got them
from the man who brought them.
Claudius
Laertes, you shall hear them. Leave us.
Claudius
Laertes, you'll hear them. — Leave us.
Exit Messenger.
Claudius
[Reads] 'High and mighty, You shall know I am set
naked on your kingdom. To-morrow shall I beg leave
to see your kingly eyes: when I shall, first asking
your pardon thereunto, recount the occasion of my
sudden and more strange return. HAMLET.'
What should this mean? Are all the rest come back?
Or is it some abuse, and no such thing?
Claudius
(reading) 'High and mighty — you should know I have been set
down destitute in your kingdom. Tomorrow I'll ask permission
to see your kingly face — at which point, first begging
your pardon, I'll explain the reason for my
sudden and very strange return. HAMLET.'
What does this mean? Have all the others come back?
Or is it a trick, and none of it true?
Laertes
Know you the hand?
Laertes
Do you recognise the handwriting?
Claudius
'Tis Hamlet's character. 'Naked!
And in a postscript here, he says 'alone.'
Can you advise me?
Claudius
It's Hamlet's writing. 'Destitute'!
And in a postscript here he says 'alone.'
Can you advise me?
Laertes
I'm lost in it, my lord. But let him come;
It warms the very sickness in my heart,
That I shall live and tell him to his teeth,
'Thus didest thou.'
Laertes
I'm baffled, my lord. But let him come.
It warms the very sickness in my heart
that I'll live to tell him to his face:
'This is what you did.'
Claudius
If it be so, Laertes—
As how should it be so? how otherwise?—
Will you be ruled by me?
Claudius
If that's how it is, Laertes —
and how could it be otherwise? —
will you let me guide you?
Laertes
Ay, my lord;
So you will not o'errule me to a peace.
Laertes
Yes, my lord —
so long as you don't overrule me into making peace.
Claudius
To thine own peace. If he be now return'd,
As checking at his voyage, and that he means
No more to undertake it, I will work him
To an exploit, now ripe in my device,
Under the which he shall not choose but fall:
And for his death no wind of blame shall breathe,
But even his mother shall uncharge the practise
And call it accident.
Claudius
To your own peace of mind. If he really has returned,
having abandoned his voyage, and if he intends
never to resume it, I'll manoeuvre him
into an enterprise I've now got fully planned,
which he can't survive.
And no breath of blame will touch his death —
even his mother will clear it of any plot
and call it an accident.
Laertes
My lord, I will be ruled;
The rather, if you could devise it so
That I might be the organ.
Laertes
My lord, I'll be guided by you —
and all the more if you could arrange it so
that I could be the instrument.
Claudius
It falls right.
You have been talk'd of since your travel much,
And that in Hamlet's hearing, for a quality
Wherein, they say, you shine: your sum of parts
Did not together pluck such envy from him
As did that one, and that, in my regard,
Of the unworthiest siege.
Claudius
That works out perfectly.
You've been talked about a lot since you went abroad,
and within Hamlet's hearing, for one particular skill
they say you shine at. All your other qualities together
didn't provoke as much envy in him
as that single one — which, in my opinion,
ranks lowest of them all.
Laertes
What part is that, my lord?
Laertes
Which skill is that, my lord?
Claudius
A very riband in the cap of youth,
Yet needful too; for youth no less becomes
The light and careless livery that it wears
Than settled age his sables and his weeds,
Importing health and graveness. Two months since,
Here was a gentleman of Normandy:—
I've seen myself, and served against, the French,
And they can well on horseback: but this gallant
Had witchcraft in't; he grew unto his seat;
And to such wondrous doing brought his horse,
As he had been incorpsed and demi-natured
With the brave beast: so far he topp'd my thought,
That I, in forgery of shapes and tricks,
Come short of what he did.
Claudius
Just a ribbon in youth's cap —
but necessary too, since light, careless clothing
suits youth as well as furs and heavy robes
suit settled old age,
signifying health and gravity. Two months ago
there was a gentleman here from Normandy.
I've seen the French and fought against them,
and they ride well — but this gentleman
had witchcraft in it. He became part of the saddle,
and made his horse do such marvellous things
that it seemed he'd been fused into one body,
half-blended with the animal. He so far surpassed my imagination
that when I try to invent tricks and manoeuvres
I fall short of what he actually did.
Laertes
A Norman was't?
Laertes
A Norman, was he?
Claudius
A Norman.
Claudius
A Norman.
Laertes
Upon my life, Lamond.
Laertes
On my life — Lamord.
Claudius
The very same.
Claudius
The very man.
Laertes
I know him well: he is the brooch indeed
And gem of all the nation.
Laertes
I know him well. He's the jewel indeed,
the gem of the whole nation.
Claudius
He made confession of you,
And gave you such a masterly report
For art and exercise in your defence
And for your rapier most especially,
That he cried out, 'twould be a sight indeed,
If one could match you: the scrimers of their nation,
He swore, had had neither motion, guard, nor eye,
If you opposed them. Sir, this report of his
Did Hamlet so envenom with his envy
That he could nothing do but wish and beg
Your sudden coming o'er, to play with him.
Now, out of this,—
Claudius
He spoke about you,
and gave such a masterful account
of your skill and practice in fencing,
and with the rapier especially,
that he exclaimed it would be a sight worth seeing
if anyone could match you. He swore the fencers of his country
had no footwork, no defence, no eye at all
if you were against them. Sir, this report of his
so poisoned Hamlet with envy
that all he could do was wish and beg
for you to come over so he could fence with you.
Now, from this—
Laertes
What out of this, my lord?
Laertes
What from this, my lord?
Claudius
Laertes, was your father dear to you?
Or are you like the painting of a sorrow,
A face without a heart?
Claudius
Laertes — was your father dear to you?
Or are you like a painting of grief,
a face with no heart behind it?
Laertes
Why ask you this?
Laertes
Why do you ask me that?
Claudius
Not that I think you did not love your father;
But that I know love is begun by time;
And that I see, in passages of proof,
Time qualifies the spark and fire of it.
Hamlet comes back: what would you undertake,
To show yourself your father's son in deed
More than in words?
Claudius
Not that I doubt you loved your father,
but I know love begins at a moment in time,
and I've seen, in proven cases,
that time weakens its spark and fire.
Hamlet is coming back. What would you do
to prove yourself your father's son in action
rather than just in words?
Laertes
To cut his throat i' the church.
Laertes
Cut his throat in church.
Claudius
No place, indeed, should murder sanctuarize;
Revenge should have no bounds. But, good Laertes,
Will you do this, keep close within your chamber.
Hamlet return'd shall know you are come home:
We'll put on those shall praise your excellence
And set a double varnish on the fame
The Frenchman gave you, bring you in fine together
And wager on your heads: he, being remiss,
Most generous and free from all contriving,
Will not peruse the foils; so that, with ease,
Or with a little shuffling, you may choose
A sword unbated, and in a pass of practise
Requite him for your father.
Claudius
No place should give sanctuary to murder, true;
revenge should have no limits. But, good Laertes,
will you do this: stay shut in your room.
When Hamlet's back he'll be told you've come home.
We'll get people to praise your excellence
and put a double coat of varnish on the reputation
the Frenchman gave you. We'll finally bring you together
and bet on the two of you. He, being careless,
very generous, and free from all scheming,
won't examine the swords. So easily,
or with a little sleight of hand, you can pick
a sword without a safety tip, and in a supposedly friendly bout
pay him back for your father.
Laertes
I will do't:
And, for that purpose, I'll anoint my sword.
I bought an unction of a mountebank,
So mortal that, but dip a knife in it,
Where it draws blood no cataplasm so rare,
Collected from all simples that have virtue
Under the moon, can save the thing from death
That is but scratch'd withal: I'll touch my point
With this contagion, that, if I gall him slightly,
It may be death.
Laertes
I'll do it —
and for that purpose I'll coat my blade.
I bought an ointment from a travelling quack,
so lethal that you only have to dip a knife in it,
and wherever it draws blood no poultice, however rare,
gathered from every healing herb
under the moon, can save the man from death
who's merely scratched by it. I'll dip my point
in this poison, so that if I graze him even slightly
it may be fatal.
Claudius
Let's further think of this;
Weigh what convenience both of time and means
May fit us to our shape: if this should fail,
And that our drift look through our bad performance,
'Twere better not assay'd: therefore this project
Should have a back or second, that might hold,
If this should blast in proof. Soft! let me see:
We'll make a solemn wager on your cunnings:
I ha't.
When in your motion you are hot and dry—
As make your bouts more violent to that end—
And that he calls for drink, I'll have prepared him
A chalice for the nonce, whereon but sipping,
If he by chance escape your venom'd stuck,
Our purpose may hold there.
Claudius
Let's think this through further.
Consider what timing and methods
suit our plan. If this fails,
and our intention shows through a botched attempt,
it would be better not attempted. So this scheme
needs a backup, a second plan that would hold
if this one blows up in testing. Wait — let me think.
We'll make a formal bet on your skills.
I have it.
When you're hot and thirsty from the exercise —
and make your bouts more violent to bring that on —
and he calls for a drink, I'll have prepared
a cup for the occasion. One sip from it,
and if he happens to escape your poisoned thrust,
our plan still works.
Enter Queen Gertrude.
Claudius
How now, sweet queen!
Claudius
What is it, my queen?
Gertrude
One woe doth tread upon another's heel,
So fast they follow; your sister's drown'd, Laertes.
Gertrude
One sorrow treads on another's heels,
they come so fast. — Your sister is drowned, Laertes.
Laertes
Drown'd! O, where?
Laertes
Drowned? Where?
Gertrude
There is a willow grows aslant a brook,
That shows his hoar leaves in the glassy stream;
There with fantastic garlands did she come
Of crow-flowers, nettles, daisies, and long purples
That liberal shepherds give a grosser name,
But our cold maids do dead men's fingers call them:
There, on the pendent boughs her coronet weeds
Clambering to hang, an envious sliver broke;
When down her weedy trophies and herself
Fell in the weeping brook. Her clothes spread wide;
And, mermaid-like, awhile they bore her up:
Which time she chanted snatches of old tunes;
As one incapable of her own distress,
Or like a creature native and indued
Unto that element: but long it could not be
Till that her garments, heavy with their drink,
Pull'd the poor wretch from her melodious lay
To muddy death.
Gertrude
There's a willow that leans over a brook
and shows its pale leaves in the glassy water.
She came there with strange garlands
made of buttercups, nettles, daisies and long purple orchids —
which coarse shepherds give a ruder name,
but which our chaste girls call dead men's fingers.
There, on the drooping branches, as she climbed
to hang her flower crown, a spiteful branch broke,
and down her flowery trophies and she herself
fell into the weeping brook. Her clothes spread wide
and, like a mermaid, held her up for a while,
during which she sang scraps of old hymns,
like someone unable to grasp her own danger,
or like a creature born and made
for that element. But it couldn't last long
before her clothes, heavy with water,
dragged the poor thing from her singing
down to a muddy death.
Laertes
Alas, then, she is drown'd?
Laertes
So she's drowned?
Gertrude
Drown'd, drown'd.
Gertrude
Drowned. Drowned.
Laertes
Too much of water hast thou, poor Ophelia,
And therefore I forbid my tears: but yet
It is our trick; nature her custom holds,
Let shame say what it will: when these are gone,
The woman will be out. Adieu, my lord:
I have a speech of fire, that fain would blaze,
But that this folly douts it.
Laertes
You've had too much water, poor Ophelia,
and so I forbid my tears. And yet
it's our human habit — nature keeps its custom,
whatever shame says. When these tears are done,
the woman in me will be gone. — Goodbye, my lord.
I have a fiery speech that longs to blaze up,
but this weeping puts it out.
Exit Laertes.
Claudius
Let's follow, Gertrude:
How much I had to do to calm his rage!
Now fear I this will give it start again;
Therefore let's follow.
Claudius
Let's follow him, Gertrude.
How hard I worked to calm his fury!
Now I'm afraid this will set it off again.
So let's follow.
Exeunt. — End of Act Four.